| HS Code | 320249 |
| Product Name | Isopropyl Alcohol IPA 99.8% |
| Chemical Formula | C3H8O |
| Cas Number | 67-63-0 |
| Purity | 99.8% minimum |
| Appearance | Clear, colorless liquid |
| Odor | Sharp, alcohol-like |
| Density At 20 C | 0.786 g/cm³ |
| Boiling Point | 82.5°C |
| Melting Point | -89.5°C |
| Flash Point | 12°C (closed cup) |
| Autoignition Temperature | 399°C |
| Solubility In Water | Fully miscible |
| Vapor Pressure At 20 C | 4.4 kPa |
| Evaporation Rate | Higher than water |
| Water Content | Maximum 0.2% |
As an accredited Tanker Load Isopropyl Alcohol IPA 99.8% factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Supplied in bulk tanker quantities of 20,000–25,000 litres, delivered in dedicated stainless-steel road tankers with secure fittings. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL: ISO tank container loaded with Isopropyl Alcohol 99.8%, ensuring safe, compliant, and efficient bulk chemical transport. |
| Shipping | Shipped via dedicated chemical tankers in bulk. IPA 99.8% is highly flammable; ensure proper grounding, bonding, and inerting procedures. Tankers must be clean, dry, and compatible. Use sealed loading systems, avoid ignition sources, and monitor vapor levels. Documentation includes SDS and dangerous goods declarations. |
| Storage | Store IPA 99.8% in a cool, well-ventilated area away from heat, sparks, and open flames. Keep tanks tightly sealed, grounded, and bonded to prevent static discharge. Use approved, compatible equipment. Isolate from oxidizers and strong acids. Follow local regulations for flammable liquid storage, with proper spill containment and fire suppression systems. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 24 months when stored sealed, protected from moisture and extreme temperatures in original tanker specifications. |
In printed circuit board assembly lines, tanker-supplied IPA at 99.8% is drawn into explosion-proof storage and metered to final rinse modules because its water mass fraction is below 0.2%, reducing ionic contamination risk in post-reflow rosin-based flux removal. Final rinse blends are typically maintained at 85:15 v/v IPA to deionized water for precision cleaning, while the first wash stage runs at 70:30 v/v to reduce excessive solvent consumption. Residue verification is conducted with ion chromatography per IPC-TM-650 2.3.28, with limits aligned to IPC J-STD-001 class 3 requirements, often below 1.56 µg/cm² NaCl equivalence measured by the resistivity of solvent extract method under IPC-TM-650 2.3.25. Spray-in-air modules operate at nozzle pressures from 0.28 MPa to 0.55 MPa, while 40 kHz ultrasonic immersion baths expose substrates for 180 s to 300 s at 20 °C–25 °C. In vapor degreasing, a sump temperature of 82 °C with a primary rinse at 70 °C and cooling coil at 10 °C keeps solvent vapor above the work zone. The low closed-cup flash point of approximately 12 °C requires ATEX 2014/34/EU Category 2 enclosures for pumps and level sensors. Terminal articles produced under this cleaning regime include dense fine-pitch PCB assemblies, ceramic chip carriers, optical fiber connectors, and electromechanical MEMS packages.
The undiluted tanker concentration is not always the most efficacious antimicrobial state; aqueous dilution to 70% v/v–75% v/v IPA slows evaporation and permits the denaturation of microbial cell-wall proteins over a longer contact window. At a 1000 L batch scale, the World Health Organization-recommended formulation for skin and hard-surface disinfection draws 751.5 L of 99.8% IPA, 41.7 L of 3% hydrogen peroxide, and 14.5 L of 98% glycerol, with demineralized water added to final volume. The compounding sequence introduces IPA into demineralized water under propeller agitation at 80 rpm–100 rpm; hydrogen peroxide and glycerol are added after aqueous dilution to minimize oxidative loss. The completed batch is held for 72 h before packaging into 500 mL and 1000 mL high-density polyethylene or stainless steel transfer containers. Terminal product types include hygienic hand rubs, nonporous surface disinfectants, and cleanroom wipe saturants.
| Standard | Scope | Acceptance criterion |
|---|---|---|
| USP Isopropyl Alcohol monograph | Assay and water content | NLT 99.0% anhydrous basis |
| EN 1276 | Quantitative suspension test for bactericidal activity | ≥ 5 log reduction within 5 min at 20 °C |
| EN 1500 | Hygienic handrub | Noninferior to 60% v/v propan-2-ol reference |
| ASTM E1153 | Nonporous hard surface sanitizer | ≥ 3 log reduction in 5 min |
Tanker loads of 99.8% isopropyl alcohol are metered directly into high-speed flexographic and gravure ink dispensing rooms as a letdown solvent for polyamide and nitrocellulose resin systems. The addition ratio on press side is normally 5%–12% by weight of the ink formulation, depending on resin solids, pigment loading, and press speed, to bring the viscosity into the 18 s–22 s range on a Zahn cup #2 at 25 °C. Liquid ink volatile organic content is verified per ISO 11890-2:2013, while retained solvent in dried laminate is measured by headspace gas chromatography with internal limits tied to delamination strength and off-odor thresholds. For food-contact flexible packaging, processors align residual solvent guidance to EU Regulation 10/2011 and 21 CFR 176.170 where applicable. In production, the varnish is blended in an explosion-proof high-shear mixer at 1,500 rpm–3,000 rpm for 15 min–20 min before being charged to the press sump. Printing on biaxially oriented polypropylene and polyester webs runs at 200 m/min–300 m/min, with dryers set to 70 °C–90 °C and extraction airflow at 3,000 m³/h. The terminal output includes rotogravure lamination inks, reverse-printed flexible packaging, pressure-sensitive labels, and aqueous overprint varnish concentrates.
Nonsterile active pharmaceutical ingredient campaigns receive 99.8% IPA as an antisolvent to reduce solubility in concentrated API solutions, often at a solution-to-antisolvent volumetric ratio of 1:3 to 1:10. Addition is carried out through a dip pipe into a 500 L glass-lined crystallizer at a constant feed of 0.3 mL/min–1.0 mL/min per litre of mother liquor, with the exact ratio defined by metastable zone width trials and ternary solubility curves. Published peer-reviewed data for a universal fixed ratio is limited because the operating point is API-specific; industrial batch records therefore set the ratio by solubility and polymorph control rather than by a single default. Residual solvent control follows ICH Q3C Class 3 limits, in which isopropanol has a permitted daily exposure of 50 mg/day, and batch release uses headspace GC under USP <467> with an internal limit of 50 ppm or lower for the final dried powder. The process stream is typically polished through a 0.2 µm nylon filter before antisolvent addition, cooled from 60 °C to 5 °C at 0.1 °C/min–0.3 °C/min, seeded with 1%–5% w/w of the target polymorph, and agitated at 120 rpm. Filtration uses a 0.45 µm PTFE cloth, and vacuum tray drying at 45 °C proceeds until the dried cake shows no residual IPA above the release limit. Terminal product types include micronizable nonsterile API powders, polymorphic reference batches, and controlled-release intermediate crystals for tableting.
Bulk 99.8% IPA enters esterification reactors as the limiting alcohol in isopropyl acetate synthesis. The feed ratio is set at 1.05 mol acetic acid per 1.00 mol IPA, with sulfuric acid at 1.0 wt%–3.0 wt% of total charge, and equilibrium conversion is held at 55%–65% per pass before reactive distillation drives the esterification forward. The distillation train uses 30 theoretical plates at atmospheric pressure with a reflux ratio of 1.5:1, taking the isopropyl acetate/water/IPA ternary azeotrope overhead while returning aqueous IPA to the reactor. In dehydrogenation service, the same tanker grade is vaporized and passed through a fixed-bed reactor containing copper-chromite catalyst at 300 °C–350 °C and 101 kPa, producing acetone with per-pass conversion of 75%–85% and selectivity above 90% under hydrogen stripping. Plant quality control verifies water content at ≤0.2% by Karl Fischer titration before charging, because water above that level depresses ester conversion and increases diisopropyl ether byproduct formation. Terminal product types include refined isopropyl acetate for coatings and extraction, acetone for bisphenol A and downstream derivative chains, and recovered IPA/water azeotrope for captive reuse.
Tanker-delivered 99.8% IPA is diluted into windshield washer concentrates at 25 vol%–40 vol% with 0.8 wt%–1.5 wt% of a C9-C11 alcohol ethoxylate and 0.2 wt%–0.4 wt% triethanolamine for aluminum corrosion inhibition. Final pH is adjusted to 7.0–8.0 with citric acid or sodium citrate; the freezing point of the finished blend falls between -15 °C and -30 °C depending on alcohol and glycol content. Blending is performed at 15 °C–25 °C in high-density polyethylene or stainless steel vessels, with recirculation pump velocity at 0.5 m/s, a 10 µm cartridge filter before filling, and flame arrestors on all vent lines because the final liquid retains a closed-cup flash point below 23 °C under EC No 1272/2008 Category 2 flammability classification. The same solvent is supplied for fuel-system water dispersants and pneumatic ice-control sprays; however, neat 99.8% IPA must not be introduced into polycarbonate pump housings or acrylic sight glasses because stress cracking and haze formation occur at concentrations above 30%. Terminal products include prediluted windshield wash fluid, lock deicers, and winter-grade equipment deicing fluid.
In cosmetic manufacturing, tanker-sourced 99.8% IPA is dropped into vacuum mixing vessels as a fast-evaporating solvent for hair spray polymers and as a diluent for nitrocellulose nail lacquer systems. The addition level in pump hair sprays ranges from 1 wt%–10 wt%, while nail polish thinners can contain 20 wt%–60 wt% IPA; aftershave lotions use 5 wt%–15 wt% to control cooling effect and viscosity. Production runs are governed by ISO 22716 and the formulation review boundaries of EC Regulation 1223/2009; because isopropyl alcohol is not listed as a prohibited substance in Annex II and is used below any restriction threshold, compliance is demonstrated through product safety reports and supplier residual solvent data. Batching takes place under nitrogen blanketing at 20 °C–25 °C, with 0.45 µm filtration prior to filling into HDPE or glass. Flash-off is managed with local exhaust ventilation because the vapor pressure at 20 °C is approximately 4.4 kPa. Terminal product forms include non-aerosol hair styling mists, nail lacquer thinner bottles, and alcohol-based aftershave preparations.
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Tanker Load Isopropyl Alcohol IPA 99.8% is a bulk anhydrous isopropanol product supplied as a full tanker quantity for industrial solvent, precision cleaning, and chemical intermediate applications. The product is identified by CAS 67-63-0 and is specified to a minimum assay of 99.8% by gas chromatography, with a water content typically not exceeding 0.1% by weight when measured by ASTM E203. As a bulk tanker model, the stream is delivered without intermediate drumming or repackaging, which reduces moisture ingress and metallic contamination associated with multiple transfers. The material is produced primarily by indirect hydration of propylene or by acetone hydrogenation; in both routes, the final distillation is controlled to meet the anhydrous specification. It is classed as a Class IB flammable liquid under NFPA 30 and is offered as an industrial grade, not a USP/NF or food-grade product unless explicitly certified in a separate lot.
The product differs from 99.5% technical IPA not by a single numerical jump, but by the cumulative effect of lower water, lower acidity, and lower non-volatile residue. It also differs from 70% v/v aqueous IPA in that no water has been intentionally added; this makes it unsuitable for routine disinfection but selected for moisture-sensitive cleaning and chemical intermediate use. The tanker model differs from drum and tote supply in that the receiving plant must operate a bulk storage vessel with nitrogen blanketing and vapour return, rather than simple drum pumps and local exhaust.
The 99.8% specification is not merely a purity label; it imposes narrower water and residue windows that directly affect moisture-sensitive processes. A supplier certificate of analysis for tanker deliveries will typically include the parameters shown in Table 1. The water content by ASTM E203 is the controlling variable in open-bath cleaning because isopropanol is hygroscopic and will absorb atmospheric moisture until an azeotropic composition is approached. Because the isopropanol-water azeotrope at atmospheric pressure contains approximately 87.7% w/w isopropanol, achieving 99.8% assay requires a dehydration step after conventional distillation. The low non-volatile residue limit of ≤0.001% by ASTM D1353 is critical for electronic and optical surfaces where post-evaporation residue forms visible defects.
Table 1. Representative specification profile for tanker IPA 99.8%
| Property | Test method | Typical specification |
|---|---|---|
| Assay as isopropanol | ASTM D770 | ≥99.8% |
| Water content | ASTM E203 | ≤0.1% w/w |
| Specific gravity at 20°C | ASTM D4052 | 0.785–0.787 |
| Distillation range at 101.3 kPa | ASTM D1078 | 82.0–82.5°C |
| Acidity as acetic acid | ASTM D1613 | ≤0.002% w/w |
| Non-volatile residue | ASTM D1353 | ≤0.001% w/w |
| Colour, platinum-cobalt | ASTM D1209 | ≤10 |
| Refractive index at 20°C | ASTM D1218 | 1.376–1.378 |
Where lower-purity 99.5% technical IPA is substituted, the higher initial water content may be sufficient to shift a controlled bath outside the acceptable moisture tolerance for moisture-sensitive resins or reactive intermediates. The additional water also raises the boiling point and changes evaporation profiles, which can extend drying times in enclosed cleaning cells. Published data for a specific enclosure configuration is limited.
In semiconductor substrate and printed circuit board cleaning, the distinction between 99.8% and lower-purity isopropanol is observable in the non-volatile residue value after evaporation. Surface cleanliness protocols such as IPC-CH-65B and IEC 61189-5 set maximum ionic contamination levels for assemblies; a solvent with higher non-volatile residue can contribute to electrical leakage currents. The tanker product is specified to ≤0.001% residue, which aligns with low-residue solvent requirements, but the actual cleanliness of a cleaning line depends more on bath maintenance, filtration, and the use of cleanroom-compatible dispensing equipment than on the initial solvent specification alone. Published data for specific production-scale bath life is limited; however, a closed-loop dispense system with 0.2 µm membrane filtration and 316L stainless steel wetted surfaces is commonly specified to maintain the low-particulate condition of the solvent.
The tanker receiving system must be compatible with a Class IB flammable liquid with a closed-cup flash point of 12°C (ASTM D56) and a boiling point of 82.5°C. Under NFPA 30, the liquid is Class IB, requiring the offloading area to be equipped with continuous gas detection, grounding and bonding, and a vapour recovery line or nitrogen padded storage tank. The receiving tank should be a 316L stainless steel or an appropriate lined carbon steel vessel; unlined carbon steel is generally avoided where the ≤0.001% non-volatile residue specification must be preserved, because iron dissolution can raise residue after evaporation. The tank should be inerted with nitrogen to maintain the vapour space below the lower explosive limit of 2.0% v/v and to reduce moisture absorption. Storage at ambient temperature is acceptable, but the tank should be protected from solar heating to keep the vapour pressure below the design rating of the tank relief system.
Offloading should be performed through closed connections or dry-break couplers to prevent water ingress and vapour release. A positive-displacement pump or nitrogen pressure transfer is preferred; centrifugal pumps with mechanical seals may be used, but seal compatibility with isopropanol and the low viscosity of 2.3 cP at 20°C must be verified. The pump should be earthed and the piping should be conductive to avoid static accumulation. Published data for a specific tanker configuration is limited; however, the design should comply with NFPA 77 for static electricity and API RP 2003 for protection against ignition. Fire protection for a bulk storage tank should include an alcohol-resistant aqueous film-forming foam system or water spray for cooling; direct water jet is not the primary extinguishing agent because isopropanol is miscible with water and can spread burning liquid. The product should be segregated from strong oxidizers, acid chlorides, and isocyanates.
Acetone and isopropyl acetate production consumes a significant fraction of anhydrous isopropanol; in those operations, water is a poison or yield-reducing impurity for acid-catalyzed esterification and dehydration reactions. In isopropyl acetate production, acetic acid and isopropanol are reacted in the presence of an acid catalyst. The equilibrium conversion is affected by water, which is a by-product; starting with 99.8% IPA rather than a wetter technical grade reduces the water concentration at the reactor inlet and may reduce the azeotropic drying load in the recovery column. Published data for a specific catalyst system is limited. For use as a solvent in gravure printing inks and coatings, the anhydrous grade accelerates evaporation from low-film-weight deposits, but this is only beneficial when the printing press is equipped with a solvent recovery system; in open presses, the low flash point increases the vapour hazard. The product is also used as a cleaning and conditioning agent in fibre optic connector manufacturing, where the absence of mineral oil or higher alcohols is specified.
Substitution of 99.5% technical isopropanol with 99.8% tanker-grade material in a vapour degreaser or immersion cleaning line is not always a direct drop-in. The anhydrous product has a slightly lower boiling point and a faster evaporation rate, which can reduce the solvent drag-out from the part surface, but it can also cool the workpiece more aggressively during evaporation. In open-top vapour degreasers operating near the lower explosive limit, the use of a purer isopropanol does not reduce the flammability hazard because the flash point remains 12°C and the vapour can still form flammable mixtures with air. The main change is the reduction in water content, which extends the working life of a moisture-sensitive bath because the rate of ambient moisture uptake is driven by the initial concentration gradient. A comparative profile is shown in Table 2.
Table 2. Comparative profile for common isopropanol grades
| Parameter | IPA 99.8% tanker | IPA 99.5% technical | 70% v/v aqueous |
|---|---|---|---|
| Water content (ASTM E203) | ≤0.1% w/w | supplier-defined; commonly ≤0.2% w/w | 30% v/v nominal |
| Flash point closed cup (ASTM D56) | 12°C | 12°C | 18–21°C |
| Non-volatile residue (ASTM D1353) | ≤0.001% w/w | supplier-defined; commonly ≤0.005% w/w | not specified |
| Typical application category | moisture-sensitive cleaning, chemical intermediate | general industrial degreasing | surface disinfection with defined wet contact time |
The comparison is not intended to rank these products as universally better or worse; the appropriate selection depends on the limit of water tolerance and the required post-evaporation residue. In a moisture-sensitive polyurethane coating system, for example, isocyanate-functional prepolymers can react with water to form urea linkages and carbon dioxide, raising viscosity and degrading film properties. The 0.1% water content in the tanker grade reduces this side reaction compared with a 99.5% technical grade, but it does not eliminate the need for dry gas blanketing during storage.
Bulk transport of IPA 99.8% is governed by UN 1219, Class 3, Packing Group II for isopropanol. The shipment must be placarded and, in the United States, is subject to 49 CFR 173.242 for bulk packaging and 49 CFR 177.834 for loading and unloading. A tanker load is typically moved in a 316L stainless steel or lined tank trailer with a maximum working pressure suitable for the vapour pressure at the reference temperature. The vehicle must be bonded and grounded before transfer, and the receiving tank should be equipped with a pressure-vacuum vent with flame arrestor. Because the product has a low electrical conductivity, the flow velocity in the offloading line should be limited according to NFPA 77 to avoid static charge accumulation. Published data for a specific tanker configuration is limited; however, the use of dry-break couplings and top or bottom loading with vapour return is standard practice.
For marine transport under the IMDG Code, isopropanol is assigned to Class 3, Packing Group II, with emergency schedule F-E, S-D. European road and rail transport follows ADR/RID Class 3, Packing Group II. Under REACH, the substance is registered for industrial use; the registration number is supplier-specific. The product is not addressed as an article under RoHS because it is a process chemical consumed or transformed during manufacturing. Tank venting should be sized in accordance with API 2000, and normal venting capacity should account for maximum transfer rate and thermal inbreathing.
Bulk IPA 99.8% is not a direct replacement for 70% v/v aqueous isopropanol in disinfection. The anhydrous product evaporates too rapidly to maintain the wet contact time required for bactericidal or virucidal efficacy; furthermore, water is an essential component of the denaturation mechanism. If antimicrobial use is contemplated, the end user must prepare a validated dilution and use a product with the appropriate regulatory registration. The industrial tanker grade is also not suitable for food-contact or pharmaceutical use unless the lot is tested against USP or 21 CFR 173.240 criteria; unverified use in drug manufacturing can create compliance risk.
